Photoelectron Shot Noise

Shot Noise

A recent theory is reviewed for the shot noise of coherent radiation propagating through a random medium. The Fano factor P/Ī (the ratio of the noise power and the mean transmitted current) is related to the scattering matrix of the medium. This is the optical analogue of Büttiker’s formula for electronic shot noise. Scattering by itself has no effect on the Fano factor, which remains equal to ...

Johnson Noise and Shot Noise

Two types of electrical noise fundamental to any circuit and their relation to fundamental constants are investigated. Johnson noise of a controlled-gain system is measured across different resistances and temperatures, leading to a calculation of the Boltzmann constant k = (1.48± .07)×10−23J/K and absolute zero T0 = −(270±30) ◦C. The shot noise of a variable-current system is measured, leading...

Prediction of Shot Noise

Prediction of future values of a shot noise process observed on a discrete lattice of points is considered. The shot magnitudes are assumed to be independent and identically distributed and arrive via a Poisson process; the eeect of each shot dissipates and/or accumulates according to a known shot function. Conditional mean and linear point predictors of future process values are developed. Dis...

Shot Noise Cox Processes

Quantum Shot Noise

Noise plays a uniquely informative role in connection with the particle-wave duality. It was Albert Einstein who first realized (in 1909) that electromagnetic fluctuations are different if the energy is carried by waves or by particles. The magnitude of energy fluctuations scales linearly with the mean energy for classical waves, but it scales with the square root of the mean energy for classic...